The Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area precinct incorporates all land within the Waitākere Ranges heritage area (WRHA or heritage area) as defined by the Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area Act 2008 (WRHAA). The purpose of this precinct is to provide a framework of district plan provisions for the heritage area that give effect to the Act.
The heritage area includes the Waitākere Ranges and its foothills and coasts. It comprises an area of some 27,720ha of public and private land located between metropolitan Auckland and the west coast. The area is of local, regional and national significance and is outstanding for its terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, which include large continuous areas of primary and regenerating lowland and coastal rainforest, wetland, and dune systems with intact ecological sequences. It also contains distinctive and outstanding flora, fauna and landscapes.
The Ranges (part of a remnant volcanic landform) are the western visual backdrop to metropolitan Auckland. The foothills and coastal areas are a combination of rural, urban, and natural landscapes that create an important transition and buffer zone to the forested part of the Ranges.
The WRHA has a long and rich human history. It is a distinctive cultural domain for Māori and lies within the rohe of both Te Kawerau A Maki and Ngati Whatua. European settlement began more than 160 years ago. Past human occupation and resource use has also contributed to the landscape character of the area.
The WRHA includes the 17,000ha Waitākere Ranges Regional Park. The Park is protected at local, regional, and national levels and also acts as a major water catchment contributing to Auckland’s water supply.
In 2005, more than 21,000 people lived in the WRHA mostly in forest dominated urban, rural, or coastal communities. The area is subject to development and urban intensification pressures. These pressures are compounded by the area’s proximity to metropolitan Auckland and threaten the unique features of the area.
The WRHAA was enacted in April 2008. Its purpose is to recognise the national, regional and local importance of the WRHA and to promote the protection and enhancement of its heritage features for present and future generations. To achieve this purpose the WRHAA:
a. establishes the heritage area;
b. states the national significance of the heritage area and defines its heritage features;
c. specifies the objectives of establishing and maintaining the heritage area; and
d. provides additional matters for council to consider when making a decision, exercising a power or carrying out a duty that relates to the heritage area.
The identified statutory heritage features individually and collectively contribute to the significance of the heritage area. By way of summary, the features include:
a. the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of prominent indigenous character;
b. the different classes of natural landforms and landscapes;
c. the coastal areas;
d. the natural functioning streams;
e. the quietness and darkness of the Waitākere Ranges and coastal parts of the area;
f. the dramatic landform of the Ranges and foothills;
g. the opportunities the area provides for wilderness experiences, recreation, and relaxation;
h. the eastern foothills which act as a buffer and provide a transition from metropolitan Auckland to the forested ranges and coast;
i. the subservience of the built environment to the area's natural and rural landscape;
j. the historical, traditional and cultural relationships of people, communities and Tangata Whenua within the area;
k. its distinctive local communities;
l. the Waitākere Ranges Regional Park and its importance as an accessible public place with significant natural, historical, cultural and recreational resources; and
m. the public water catchment and supply system.
The act also sets out a number of objectives of establishing and maintaining the heritage area. In summary, these objectives are directed at protecting, restoring and enhancing the heritage features of the area and in particular, ensuring that the cumulative impact of development on the heritage area as a whole is considered when decisions are made affecting any part of it.
The WRHAA requires the council to give effect to the act's purpose and objectives in plan development at both regional and district levels and when considering discretionary and non-complying resource consent applications for the area.
Precinct structure
Because the heritage area includes numerous different landscapes, local communities and patterns of land use this precinct has been divided into a number of sub-precincts. Some of those sub-precincts also contain different policy areas and sub-policy-areas in recognition of the unique character of certain settlements, villages and property areas within the precinct boundary. The extent of the precinct and location of the sub precincts can be found on
Precinct Plan 21: Waitakere Ranges Heritage Area Precinct.
The precinct is divided into the following sub-precincts each of which contain additional objectives, policies and rules relevant to subdivision and/or development in the sub-precinct areas:
Table 1
WRHA Precinct
|
Sub precinct |
Policy area
|
Sub policy area |
Sub-precinct A: Waitākere Foothills |
Policy area 1: Ōrātia |
Sub-policy area A: Oratia Village |
Policy area 2: Swanson South |
|
Sub-precinct B: Waitākere Ranges and Bush Living |
|
|
Sub-precinct C: Titirangi Laingholm |
Policy area 1: Titirangi/Laingholm A |
|
Policy area 2: Titirangi/Laingholm B |
|
Policy area 3: Titirangi Village |
Sub-policy area A (commercial) |
Sub-policy area B (residential) |
Sub-precinct D: Waitākere Coastal Settlements |
|
|
Sub-precinct E: Large Property Management Areas |
Policy area 1: Wainamu |
|
Policy area 2: Bethells |
|
Policy area 3: Te Henga |
|
Sub-precinct F: Waitākere Ranges Regional Park |
|
|
Sub precinct descriptions
Sub-precinct A: Waitākere Foothills
The Waitākere Foothills sub-precinct covers the area between the developed, urban part of Waitākere and westward to the bush-covered part of the Waitākere Ranges. It includes the mixed landscape of the eastern foothills catchments of Ōrātia, Opānuku, Swanson South and the upper Kumeu streams, excluding the relatively continuous bush cover of the upper catchments and ridges. The sub-precinct forms an ecological and visual buffer between the bush-clad and urban parts of the city. Activities include a mixture of vineyards, orchards and pasture. Limited settlement is allowed where it does not cause adverse impacts on native vegetation and fauna habitat or rural character.
There are two policy areas in this sub-precinct which are Ōrātia and Swanson South. The boundaries of these policy areas are shown in
Precinct Plan 2: Ōrātia Policy Area and
Precinct Plan 3 Swanson South Policy Area respectively. Both policy areas are based on former structure plan boundaries for those areas. The Swanson South policy area only includes that part of the former Swanson Structure Plan area which falls within the WHRAA boundary.
Policy area 1: Ōrātia
Ōrātia has a history of diverse rural uses. This rich rural history is still visible in its rural landscapes and the many old orchard buildings. Outside its village, Ōrātia is characterised by low density settlement with few urban-scale activities. Buildings in Ōrātia still reflect the area’s rural history and are subservient to the natural and rural landscapes. There is a clear divide between urban Auckland and rural Ōrātia which is viewed as a ‘gateway’ or edge. The open and spacious views from Parrs Cross Road/Pine Avenue southwards across the rural Ōrātia valley are particularly important in defining this visual edge of metropolitan Auckland. The upper Ōrātia valley displays a strong connection with the Ranges due to its elevation and extent of native vegetation.
The area’s settlement pattern is in transition through the implementation of the former Ōrātia Structure Plan, which enabled small rural holdings throughout the landscape and has been incorporated into the Unitary Plan where relevant. No additional subdivision is anticipated in this area during the lifetime of the Unitary Plan. Any further subdivision risks compromising the natural environment and rural character and amenity of the area.
Ōrātia is significant to Tangata Whenua, notably Te Kawerau a Maki who have a long history of occupation and use of the land. These structure plans were prepared to enable limited subdivision capacity in Ōrātia and Swanson South while protecting the existing character, landscape, water quality and heritage features of these areas. The structure plans also sought to avoid increasing flooding risk and contain the spread of the urban area within certain boundaries. Where relevant those structure plan provisions have been incorporated into the subdivision rules for this sub-precinct.
Sub policy area A: Ōrātia Village
The Ōrātia rural village is centred on the primary school on West Coast Road. It is the historic centre of the local area and constitutes a loose assemblage of buildings and activities. It has a recognisable village form, but this is incomplete and disconnected with gaps to views of rural Ōrātia. The village is a valued place in the community, providing a centre for local facilities, meeting and socialising. The views north from the village to the forested escarpment, with open rural land in the foreground, make an important contribution to the rural character of Ōrātia Village.
Precinct Plan 11: Ōrātia Village shows the location of Ōrātia Village sub policy area.
Policy area 2: Swanson South
The Swanson South policy area comprises that part of the former Swanson Structure Plan area which falls within the heritage area boundary. As with other foothill communities it is characterised by low density settlement and rural and natural landscapes. The Swanson South area is valued for its vineyards and pastoral landscape elements. It provides for limited low density subdivision and development in the area. No additional subdivision is anticipated in this area during the lifetime of the Unitary Plan given the likely adverse impact on rural character.
Sub-precinct B: Ranges and bush living
This sub-precinct comprises most of the privately-owned land around the periphery of the open space area within the heritage area. This typically contains important natural features such as large areas of contiguous native bush, coastal areas, significant landforms and geological sites, and significant terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
In the core of the sub-precinct is the Scenic Drive ridge and the forested upper reaches of the Ōrātia and Ōpānuku streams' catchments, the western and southern edges of which are bounded by large continuous areas of primary and regenerating indigenous rainforest, the Waitākere Ranges Regional Park and the public water supply catchments. The eastern edge is bounded by the orchards and farms of Ōrātia and Ōpānuku/Henderson Valley.
The sub-precinct provides limited opportunity for further growth and development. This recognises the local, regional and national significance of the area and prevents development from having an adverse impact on critical finite resources. The extent of the sub-precinct is shown on
precinct plans 12 to 15.
Sub-precinct C: Titirangi Laingholm
The land within the Titirangi Laingholm sub-precinct includes more intensively settled residential areas within the heritage area where natural features dominate, but the built form is situated within a native bush setting. Titirangi is unique in that it is a forested community both within the RUB and the heritage area.
The sub-precinct has three policy areas:
1. Titirangi Laingholm A
2. Titirangi Laingholm B
3. Titirangi Village
Policy areas 1 and 2 provide specific development and subdivision controls for the purpose of maintaining and enhancing the character of those respective areas. Policy area 1 is located north of a line running along the ridge at Scenic Drive/Titirangi Road/Rangiwai Road and Godley Road. It drains north and has more of an annotation towards the urban parts of the city. The density of subdivision enabled in policy area 1 recognises the proximity to the urban environment. Policy area 2 drains towards the Manukau Harbour and is located further from urban areas. It contains many large sites and areas of intact vegetation. The density of subdivision is less in this area to avoid fragmentation of intact vegetation. Titirangi Laingholm A and B are shown on
Precinct Plan 16: Titirangi Laingholm.
Policy area 3: Titirangi Village
The Titirangi Village policy area is located in the south-east of the Ranges.
The purpose of the policy area is to support the social, economic and cultural well being of the community whilst recognising and enhancing the existing character and amenity of the village through:
•controlling the design of new buildings
•protecting the surrounding landscape values
•enabling specific non-residential land uses within certain residential areas in close proximity to the village centre
•protecting and enhancing its heritage features.
Titirangi Village is the focal point for the Titirangi community and supports the community’s social, cultural, economic and environmental wellbeing.
The village is a distinctive place in the Auckland region because of its setting, character, scale, form and function. It is both a gateway to the Ranges and a destination and meeting place for residents and visitors. A range of businesses and services provide for the needs of residents and visitors, creating a village atmosphere and offering local employment opportunities.
The village is dominated, defined and enclosed by the surrounding natural landforms and forested landscapes. Defining landform features are Rangiwai Hill and Mt Atkinson, located at each end of the village, and the indigenous forested area located on both sides of Titirangi Road (including indigenous forest opposite Lopdell house). The village is located on the sensitive ridgeline which stretches between these landform features.
Lopdell House is an important landmark of the village. It dominates the village, is iconic and valued by the community. Overall, buildings within the village are subservient to the surrounding vegetation and landforms. The pattern of village development is compact and contained within defined boundaries.
Titirangi is significant to Tangata Whenua, especially Ngati Whatua who fought a battle in the area, and who along with Te Kawerau A Maki have a long history and relationship with this area.
There are four underlying zones within the policy area:
•Local Centre
•Large Lot
•Public Open Space - Civic and Community
•Public Open Space - Conservation
This policy area manages variations in land use and development controls affecting sites subject to the Local Centre and Large Lot zones.
There are two sub-policy areas:
•Sub-policy area A (commercial) introduces design and development controls that manages the built form of the centre and protects landscape values. The underlying zone for this sub-policy area is Local Centre
•Sub-policy area B (residential) supports specific non-residential land use in the residential area. The underlying zone for this sub-policy area is Large Lot.
The Titirangi Village sub policy areas A and B are shown on
Precinct Plan 17: Titirangi Village.
Sub-precinct D: Waitākere Coastal Settlements
This sub-precinct includes the small coastal settlements lying along the west coast and Manukau coast within the heritage area. Natural features and the coastal landscape dominate, but the settlements represent more intensive residential development than in the surrounding Waitākere Ranges. This sub-precinct applies to the following settlements:
•Parau
•Huia
•Little Huia
•Karekare
•Piha
•Bethells/Te Henga
•Cornwallis
The purpose of this sub-precinct is to provide for subdivision and development controls that will maintain and enhance the unique character and pattern of development in these areas.
Sub-precinct E: Large Property Management Areas
The Large Property Management Area sub-precinct is made up of a number of large properties (over 75 ha) located within the Waitākere Ranges. Environmental assessments of these sites have provided detailed information on which to base individual management plans for each property. In each case, the permitted subdivision, use and development has been tailored to the unique circumstances of the property, taking into account existing and past use of the properties and the opportunities to achieve net environmental benefits. There are three policy areas within this sub-precinct:
•Policy area 1: Wainamu – the purpose of this policy area is to provide for the economic and environmental sustainability of this land.
•Policy area 2: Bethells – the purpose of this policy area is to provide for a range of existing and proposed activities in the modified north-western sector of the property in a way which enhances the landscape and fosters improved management.
•Policy area 3: Te Henga – the purpose of this policy area is to recognise and provide for the unique cultural, historic, and ecological value of this land.
The boundaries of the policy areas are shown on
precinct plans 18 - 20 respectively.
Sub-precinct F: Waitākere Ranges Regional Park
This sub-precinct comprises the 17,000ha regional park located in the Ranges. The Park is protected at local, regional and national levels and has been established over a period of 110 years through gifts, grants, purchases and vestings. The Park also contributes to Auckland's water supply. This part of the Ranges acts as a major water catchment for metropolitan Auckland.
Development within the Park is controlled under the Unitary Plan through the regional park objectives, policies and rules in the Auckland-wide section and the provisions of the underlying open space conservation zone. However, in recognition of its status under the WRHAA, it is also part of this precinct and therefore subject to the general objectives and policies for the heritage area.